urllib3.contrib package

These modules implement various extra features, that may not be ready for prime time or that require optional third-party dependencies.

urllib3.contrib.appengine module

This module provides a pool manager that uses Google App Engine’s URLFetch Service.

Example usage:

from urllib3 import PoolManager
from urllib3.contrib.appengine import AppEngineManager, is_appengine_sandbox

if is_appengine_sandbox():
    # AppEngineManager uses AppEngine's URLFetch API behind the scenes
    http = AppEngineManager()
else:
    # PoolManager uses a socket-level API behind the scenes
    http = PoolManager()

r = http.request('GET', 'https://google.com/')

There are limitations to the URLFetch service and it may not be the best choice for your application. There are three options for using urllib3 on Google App Engine:

  1. You can use AppEngineManager with URLFetch. URLFetch is cost-effective in many circumstances as long as your usage is within the limitations.

  2. You can use a normal PoolManager by enabling sockets. Sockets also have limitations and restrictions and have a lower free quota than URLFetch. To use sockets, be sure to specify the following in your app.yaml:

    env_variables:
        GAE_USE_SOCKETS_HTTPLIB : 'true'
    

3. If you are using App Engine Flexible, you can use the standard PoolManager without any configuration or special environment variables.

class urllib3.contrib.appengine.AppEngineManager(headers=None, retries=None, validate_certificate=True, urlfetch_retries=True)

Bases: urllib3.request.RequestMethods

Connection manager for Google App Engine sandbox applications.

This manager uses the URLFetch service directly instead of using the emulated httplib, and is subject to URLFetch limitations as described in the App Engine documentation here.

Notably it will raise an AppEnginePlatformError if:
  • URLFetch is not available.
  • If you attempt to use this on App Engine Flexible, as full socket support is available.
  • If a request size is more than 10 megabytes.
  • If a response size is more than 32 megabtyes.
  • If you use an unsupported request method such as OPTIONS.

Beyond those cases, it will raise normal urllib3 errors.

urlopen(method, url, body=None, headers=None, retries=None, redirect=True, timeout=<object object>, **response_kw)
exception urllib3.contrib.appengine.AppEnginePlatformError

Bases: urllib3.exceptions.HTTPError

exception urllib3.contrib.appengine.AppEnginePlatformWarning

Bases: urllib3.exceptions.HTTPWarning

urllib3.contrib.ntlmpool module

NTLM authenticating pool, contributed by erikcederstran

Issue #10, see: http://code.google.com/p/urllib3/issues/detail?id=10

class urllib3.contrib.ntlmpool.NTLMConnectionPool(user, pw, authurl, *args, **kwargs)

Bases: urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPSConnectionPool

Implements an NTLM authentication version of an urllib3 connection pool

scheme = 'https'
urlopen(method, url, body=None, headers=None, retries=3, redirect=True, assert_same_host=True)

Get a connection from the pool and perform an HTTP request. This is the lowest level call for making a request, so you’ll need to specify all the raw details.

Note

More commonly, it’s appropriate to use a convenience method provided by RequestMethods, such as request().

Note

release_conn will only behave as expected if preload_content=False because we want to make preload_content=False the default behaviour someday soon without breaking backwards compatibility.

Parameters:
  • method – HTTP request method (such as GET, POST, PUT, etc.)
  • body – Data to send in the request body (useful for creating POST requests, see HTTPConnectionPool.post_url for more convenience).
  • headers – Dictionary of custom headers to send, such as User-Agent, If-None-Match, etc. If None, pool headers are used. If provided, these headers completely replace any pool-specific headers.
  • retries (Retry, False, or an int.) –

    Configure the number of retries to allow before raising a MaxRetryError exception.

    Pass None to retry until you receive a response. Pass a Retry object for fine-grained control over different types of retries. Pass an integer number to retry connection errors that many times, but no other types of errors. Pass zero to never retry.

    If False, then retries are disabled and any exception is raised immediately. Also, instead of raising a MaxRetryError on redirects, the redirect response will be returned.

  • redirect – If True, automatically handle redirects (status codes 301, 302, 303, 307, 308). Each redirect counts as a retry. Disabling retries will disable redirect, too.
  • assert_same_host – If True, will make sure that the host of the pool requests is consistent else will raise HostChangedError. When False, you can use the pool on an HTTP proxy and request foreign hosts.
  • timeout – If specified, overrides the default timeout for this one request. It may be a float (in seconds) or an instance of urllib3.util.Timeout.
  • pool_timeout – If set and the pool is set to block=True, then this method will block for pool_timeout seconds and raise EmptyPoolError if no connection is available within the time period.
  • release_conn – If False, then the urlopen call will not release the connection back into the pool once a response is received (but will release if you read the entire contents of the response such as when preload_content=True). This is useful if you’re not preloading the response’s content immediately. You will need to call r.release_conn() on the response r to return the connection back into the pool. If None, it takes the value of response_kw.get('preload_content', True).
  • chunked – If True, urllib3 will send the body using chunked transfer encoding. Otherwise, urllib3 will send the body using the standard content-length form. Defaults to False.
  • body_pos (int) – Position to seek to in file-like body in the event of a retry or redirect. Typically this won’t need to be set because urllib3 will auto-populate the value when needed.
  • **response_kw – Additional parameters are passed to urllib3.response.HTTPResponse.from_httplib()

urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl module

urllib3.contrib.socks module

This module contains provisional support for SOCKS proxies from within urllib3. This module supports SOCKS4, SOCKS4A (an extension of SOCKS4), and SOCKS5. To enable its functionality, either install PySocks or install this module with the socks extra.

The SOCKS implementation supports the full range of urllib3 features. It also supports the following SOCKS features:

  • SOCKS4A (proxy_url='socks4a://...)
  • SOCKS4 (proxy_url='socks4://...)
  • SOCKS5 with remote DNS (proxy_url='socks5h://...)
  • SOCKS5 with local DNS (proxy_url='socks5://...)
  • Usernames and passwords for the SOCKS proxy

Note

It is recommended to use socks5h:// or socks4a:// schemes in your proxy_url to ensure that DNS resolution is done from the remote server instead of client-side when connecting to a domain name.

SOCKS4 supports IPv4 and domain names with the SOCKS4A extension. SOCKS5 supports IPv4, IPv6, and domain names.

When connecting to a SOCKS4 proxy the username portion of the proxy_url will be sent as the userid section of the SOCKS request:

proxy_url="socks4a://<userid>@proxy-host"

When connecting to a SOCKS5 proxy the username and password portion of the proxy_url will be sent as the username/password to authenticate with the proxy:

proxy_url="socks5h://<username>:<password>@proxy-host"
class urllib3.contrib.socks.SOCKSConnection(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection

A plain-text HTTP connection that connects via a SOCKS proxy.

class urllib3.contrib.socks.SOCKSHTTPConnectionPool(host, port=None, strict=False, timeout=<object object>, maxsize=1, block=False, headers=None, retries=None, _proxy=None, _proxy_headers=None, **conn_kw)

Bases: urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool

ConnectionCls

alias of SOCKSConnection

class urllib3.contrib.socks.SOCKSHTTPSConnection(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: urllib3.contrib.socks.SOCKSConnection, urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection

class urllib3.contrib.socks.SOCKSHTTPSConnectionPool(host, port=None, strict=False, timeout=<object object>, maxsize=1, block=False, headers=None, retries=None, _proxy=None, _proxy_headers=None, key_file=None, cert_file=None, cert_reqs=None, key_password=None, ca_certs=None, ssl_version=None, assert_hostname=None, assert_fingerprint=None, ca_cert_dir=None, **conn_kw)

Bases: urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPSConnectionPool

ConnectionCls

alias of SOCKSHTTPSConnection

class urllib3.contrib.socks.SOCKSProxyManager(proxy_url, username=None, password=None, num_pools=10, headers=None, **connection_pool_kw)

Bases: urllib3.poolmanager.PoolManager

A version of the urllib3 ProxyManager that routes connections via the defined SOCKS proxy.

pool_classes_by_scheme = {'http': <class 'urllib3.contrib.socks.SOCKSHTTPConnectionPool'>, 'https': <class 'urllib3.contrib.socks.SOCKSHTTPSConnectionPool'>}